Research
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Vectra Multispectral Imaging System

Vectra service is a TRIP-operated automated imaging system that has the capacity to run large numbers of slides at 4x, 10x, 20x and 40x in either an automated or semi-automated manner. Resulting images can either be whole section, operator-selected or random sections and images can be analyzed via Nuance and inForm software. Both software analysis applications require previous training and reserved access. For any Nuance imaging questions, contact Karla Esbona at kesbona@wisc.edu or trip@pathology.wisc.edu.

For pricing please see our TRIP Fee Schedule. To request imaging services, go to our iLab webpage.

RESOURCES

Multispectral Imaging Options
Vectra Filter Specs
What can TRIP IHC and Imaging Labs offer? By Wei Huang, MD
Video: Biomarker Co-Localization, Analysis & Quantification. By Kristina A. Matkowskyj, MD, PhD & Wei Huang, MD
Vectra-InForm and Its Applications by Wei Huang 2018

FAQs

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Where should I drop off my slides for imaging?

For Vectra scanning, please drop off slides at the TRIP Lab in WIMR 2214.

What is multispectral imaging and how does this relate to IHC?

Spectral imaging is an imaging format that captures a high-resolution optical spectrum at every pixel of an image, providing extensive analysis opportunities, especially with judicious selection of staining techniques.

Multispectral Imaging of a tissue that has undergone multiplex-IHC staining results in image cubes, or files, which in combination with specialized software algorithms allow the individual spectra of each marker signal to be separated from each other. This information, when “unmixed”, with additional software manipulation (Nuance or InForm) provides an enormous amount of information about the tissue and biomarkers.

When do I need spectral library slides?

Spectral library slides are necessary for unmixing the spectral information found in image cube files created by the Vectra or Nuance imaging systems.  Images from the slides are used to build a library of the individual stain components. When the final composite stain slide is imaged and analyzed the mixed signals can be unmixed and individual components analyzed.

How do I create spectral library slides?

Brightfield Imaging:

You need an individual slide demonstrating each individual chromogen or dye component used in the final composite staining protocol. This means that if you are using two chromogens plus a counterstain, you need one slide demonstrating the first chromogen and no counterstain, the same thing for the second chromogen, and a third slide for the counterstain only.

There is no need to use the markers you are using for your project, especially if they are weak or sparse (or expensive!). Choose a marker that is robust and plentiful, for example, cytokeratin or Ki67.

Fluorescent Imaging:

You need an individual slide demonstrating each individual fluorophore component used in the final composite staining protocol. This means that if you are using two fluorophores plus DAPI, you need one slide demonstrating a marker with the first fluorophore and no DAPI, the same thing for the second fluorophore, and a third slide for DAPI only.

There is no need to use the markers you are using for your project, especially if they are weak or sparse (or expensive!). Choose a marker that is robust and plentiful, for example, cytokeratin or Ki67.

What is an image cube?

Imaging files acquired by Vectra and Nuance are saved in multiple formats, one with an .im3 extension, designating it as an image “cube.” This 3D cube composed of stacked 2D images includes spatial (x, y coordinates) and depth (wave-length associated) information.

How do I submit slides for Vectra imaging?

  • Slides and coverslips must be clean.
  • Recommended glass coverslip thickness is 1.5
  • Be sure to use the appropriate mounting media for your application.
  • Remove any excess “ooze” from the tops and edges of the coverslip.
  • Do not have your slides labelled with more than one paper label and do not allow the edges of any label to go beyond the frosted edges of the slide.
  • If your Lab ID and slide ID are greater than 5 characters each, provide a simple coding system for identifying the slides with fewer characters.
  • In the iLab form provide components of staining:
    • Type of chromogens/fluorophores
    • Number of spectral library slides (single color for each chromogen/fluorophore and an unstained slide of tissue of interest if IF)
    • Tissue Type
    • Antibodies used, link to datasheet, catalog number, species
  • Provide external hard drive with at least 500GB of available space. TRIP can also provide external hard drives at an additional charge.
  • Projects require a minimum 15 minute project design discussion.
  • Training is available for this equipment at the rental rate per hour plus labor cost per hour.
  • You must be trained by TRIP staff in order to use this microscope. After training, you will be able to schedule this instrument on your own.

Do I need to provide anything besides the slides for Vectra service?

  • External hard drive for imaging files storage-500GB capacity.
  • Information on markers and detection systems used, or histology stain components
  • Cellular location of each marker if IHC/ISH
  • Level of abundance of each marker if IHC/ISH

What size slides can be imaged on the Vectra?

Currently, only 25 x 75 mm microscope slides can be imaged.

Can you rush my project if I have a short timeline?

Vectra Imaging can be rushed, which will incur a 20% increase in the billing of the project.

  • Set up fee includes an initial consultative meeting, administrative and experimental setup costs.
  • Consultation includes assistance in image parameters setup, number of targets to be imaged, etc.
  • Labor fee includes, technician labor on microscope programming setup per hour.
  • Investigator must supply stained slides, spectral library slides, experimental design and external hard drive.

Vectra & inForm Publications

 

Shapiro DD, Lozar T, Cheng L, Xie E, Laklouk I, Lee MH, Huang W, Jarrard DF, Allen GO, Hu R, Kinoshita T, Esbona K, Lambert PF, Capitini CM, Kendziorski C, Abel EJ. Non-Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Immune Cell Infiltration Heterogeneity and Prognostic Ability in Patients Following Surgery. Cancers (Basel). 2024 Jan 23;16(3):478. doi: 10.3390/cancers16030478. PMID: 38339231; PMCID: PMC10854750.

Downs TM, Bailey HH, Lozar T, Schmitz NS, Green H, Scarlett CO, Havighurst TC, Twaroski K, DeShong K, Wollmer B, Bivalacqua TJ, Saltzstein DR, Shore N, Kim K, Huang W, Ricke WA, Barroilhet L, House M, Parnes HL, Messing E. Phase II Clinical Chemoprevention Trial of Weekly Erlotinib before Bladder Cancer Surgery. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2025 Jan 6;18(1):31-39. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0194. PMID: 39187984; PMCID: PMC11703677.

Minne RL, Luo NY, Mork CM, Wopat MR, Esbona K, Javeri S, Nickel KP, Hernandez R, LeBeau AM, Kimple RJ, Baschnagel AM. Evaluation of a Novel MET-Targeting Camelid-Derived Antibody in Head and Neck Cancer. Mol Pharm. 2024 Dec 2;21(12):6376-6384. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00938. Epub 2024 Nov 8. PMID: 39513517.

Sharma K, Esbona K, Eickhoff JC, Lloyd RV, Hu R. Long non-coding RNA MALAT 1 and PHOX2B expression in olfactory neuroblastomas and sympathetic neuroblastomas. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2024 Dec;73:152355. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152355. Epub 2024 Jun 11. PMID: 38878689.

Albertini MR, Zuleger CL, Ranheim EA, Shiyanbola O, Sondel PM, Morris ZS, Eickhoff J, Newton MA, Ong IM, Schwartz RW, Hayim R, Kurzman ID, Turek M, Vail DM. Administration of intratumoral GD2-directed interleukin-2 immunocytokine and local radiation therapy to activate immune rejection of spontaneous canine melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2024 Aug 1;34(4):307-318. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000975. Epub 2024 May 20. Erratum in: Melanoma Res. 2024 Oct 1;34(5):473. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000996. PMID: 38768442; PMCID: PMC11444423.

Heaton AR, Burkard NJ, Sondel PM, Skala MC. Quantifying in vivo collagen reorganization during immunotherapy in murine melanoma with second harmonic generation imaging. Biophotonics Discov. 2024 May;1(1):015004. doi: 10.1117/1.bios.1.1.015004. Epub 2024 May 20. PMID: 39011049; PMCID: PMC11247620.

Chhabra G, Singh CK, Ndiaye MA, Su S, Shirley CA, Ahmad N. Role of PLK1/NUMB/NOTCH in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human melanoma. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2024 Jan 6;8(1):6. doi: 10.1038/s41698-023-00493-7. PMID: 38184733; PMCID: PMC10771520.

Lozar T, Laklouk I, Golfinos AE, Gavrielatou N, Xu J, Flynn C, Keske A, Yu M, Bruce JY, Wang W, Grasic Kuhar C, Bailey HH, Harari PM, Dinh HQ, Rimm DL, Hu R, Lambert PF, Fitzpatrick MB. Stress Keratin 17 Is a Predictive Biomarker Inversely Associated with Response to Immune Check-Point Blockade in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Beyond. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Oct 9;15(19):4905. doi: 10.3390/cancers15194905. PMID: 37835599; PMCID: PMC10571921.

Samimi K, Contreras Guzman E, Wu M, Carlson L, Feltovich H, Hall TJ, Myers KM, Oyen ML, Skala MC. Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during loading. Biomed Opt Express. 2023 May 25;14(6):2969-2985. doi: 10.1364/BOE.489691. PMID: 37342693; PMCID: PMC10278609.

Heaton AR, Rehani PR, Hoefges A, Lopez AF, Erbe AK, Sondel PM, Skala MC. Single cell metabolic imaging of tumor and immune cells in vivo in melanoma bearing mice. Front Oncol. 2023 Mar 20;13:1110503. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110503. PMID: 37020875; PMCID: PMC10067577.

Mikheil D, Prabhakar K, Ng TL, Teertam S, Longley BJ, Newton MA, Setaluri V. Notch Signaling Suppresses Melanoma Tumor Development in BRAF/Pten Mice. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jan 14;15(2):519. doi: 10.3390/cancers15020519. PMID: 36672468; PMCID: PMC9857214.

Lee MH, Sung K, Beebe D, Huang W, Shapiro D, Miyamoto S, Abel EJ. The SUMO protease SENP1 promotes aggressive behaviors of high HIF2α expressing renal cell carcinoma cells. Oncogenesis. 2022 Oct 25;11(1):65. doi: 10.1038/s41389-022-00440-4. PMID: 36284084; PMCID: PMC9596416.

Papadas A, Deb G, Cicala A, Officer A, Hope C, Pagenkopf A, Flietner E, Morrow ZT, Emmerich P, Wiesner J, Arauz G, Bansal V, Esbona K, Capitini CM, Matkowskyj KA, Deming DA, Politi K, Abrams SI, Harismendy O, Asimakopoulos F. Stromal remodeling regulates dendritic cell abundance and activity in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep. 2022 Aug 16;40(7):111201. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111201. PMID: 35977482

Wang W, Lozar T, Golfinos AE, Lee D, Gronski E, Ward-Shaw E, Hayes M, Bruce JY, Kimple RJ, Hu R, Harari PM, Xu J, Keske A, Sondel PM, Fitzpatrick MB, Dinh HQ, Lambert PF. Stress Keratin 17 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer Contributes to Immune Evasion and Resistance to Immune-Checkpoint Blockade. Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jul 1;28(13):2953-2968. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-3039. PMID: 35621713; PMCID: PMC9250640.

Renner C, Gomez C, Visetsouk MR, Taha I, Khan A, McGregor SM, Weisman P, Naba A, Masters KS, Kreeger PK. Multi-modal Profiling of the Extracellular Matrix of Human Fallopian Tubes and Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinomas. J Histochem Cytochem. 2022 Feb;70(2):151-168. doi: 10.1369/00221554211061359. Epub 2021 Dec 5. PMID: 34866441; PMCID: PMC8777377.

Li H, Hardin H, Zaeem M, Huang W, Hu R, Lloyd RV. LncRNA expression and SDHB mutations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2021 Dec;55:151801. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151801. Epub 2021 Jul 31. PMID: 34461576.

Scribano CM, Wan J, Esbona K, Tucker JB, Lasek A, Zhou AS, Zasadil LM, Molini R, Fitzgerald J, Lager AM, Laffin JJ, Correia-Staudt K, Wisinski KB, Tevaarwerk AJ, O’Regan R, McGregor SM, Fowler AM, Chappell RJ, Bugni TS, Burkard ME, Weaver BA. Chromosomal instability sensitizes patient breast tumors to multipolar divisions induced by paclitaxel. Sci Transl Med. 2021 Sep 8;13(610):eabd4811. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd4811. Epub 2021 Sep 8. PMID: 34516829; PMCID: PMC8612166.

Filon M, Gawdzik J, Truong A, Allen G, Huang W, Khemees T, Machhi R, Lewis P, Yang B, Denu J, Jarrard D. Tandem histone methyltransferase upregulation defines a unique aggressive prostate cancer phenotype. Br J Cancer. 2021 Jul;125(2):247-254. doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01398-7. Epub 2021 May 11. PMID: 33976366; PMCID: PMC8292389.

Heaster TM, Heaton AR, Sondel PM, Skala MC. Intravital Metabolic Autofluorescence Imaging Captures Macrophage Heterogeneity Across Normal and Cancerous Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Apr 20;9:644648. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.644648. PMID: 33959597; PMCID: PMC8093439.

Su S, Chhabra G, Ndiaye MA, Singh CK, Ye T, Huang W, Dewey CN, Setaluri V, Ahmad N. PLK1 and NOTCH Positively Correlate in Melanoma and Their Combined Inhibition Results in Synergistic Modulations of Key Melanoma Pathways. Mol Cancer Ther. 2021 Jan;20(1):161-172. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-20-0654. Epub 2020 Nov 11. PMID: 33177155; PMCID: PMC7790869.

Shiyanbola O, Hardin H, Hu R, Eickhoff JC, Lloyd RV. Long Noncoding RNA Expression in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol. 2020 Dec;31(4):385-391. doi: 10.1007/s12022-020-09642-1. Epub 2020 Jul 28. PMID: 32725507.

Yang B, Damodaran S, Khemees TA, Filon MJ, Schultz A, Gawdzik J, Etheridge T, Malin D, Richards KA, Cryns VL, Jarrard DF. Synthetic Lethal Metabolic Targeting of Androgen-Deprived Prostate Cancer Cells with Metformin. Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 Nov;19(11):2278-2287. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-19-1141. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 32943543.

Huang W, Nebiolo C, Esbona K, Hu R, Lloyd R. Ki67 index and mitotic count: Correlation and variables affecting the accuracy of the quantification in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2020 Oct;48:151586. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151586. Epub 2020 Aug 15. Erratum in: Ann Diagn Pathol. 2022 Feb;56:151656. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151656. PMID: 32836178.

Narayanan D, Mandal R, Hardin H, Chanana V, Schwalbe M, Rosenbaum J, Buehler D, Lloyd RV. Long Non-coding RNAs in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol. 2020 Sep;31(3):254-263. doi: 10.1007/s12022-020-09626-1. PMID: 32388776.

Rudkouskaya A, Sinsuebphon N, Ochoa M, Chen SJ, Mazurkiewicz JE, Intes X, Barroso M. Multiplexed non-invasive tumor imaging of glucose metabolism and receptor-ligand engagement using dark quencher FRET acceptor. Theranostics. 2020 Aug 15;10(22):10309-10325. doi: 10.7150/thno.45825. PMID: 32929350; PMCID: PMC7481426.

Popovics P, Awadallah WN, Kohrt SE, Case TC, Miller NL, Ricke EA, Huang W, Ramirez-Solano M, Liu Q, Vezina CM, Matusik RJ, Ricke WA, Grabowska MM. Prostatic osteopontin expression is associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 2020 Jul;80(10):731-741. doi: 10.1002/pros.23986. Epub 2020 May 1. PMID: 32356572; PMCID: PMC7485377.

Qazi MS, McGregor SM. Combined use of SOX10 and GATA3 in mammary carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract. 2020 Feb;216(2):152801. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152801. Epub 2019 Dec 24. PMID: 31924335.

Vellky JE, Bauman TM, Ricke EA, Huang W, Ricke WA. Incidence of androgen receptor and androgen receptor variant 7 coexpression in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2019 Dec;79(16):1811-1822. doi: 10.1002/pros.23906. Epub 2019 Sep 10. PMID: 31503366; PMCID: PMC7339117.

Wang Y, Hardin H, Chu YH, Esbona K, Zhang R, Lloyd RV. Long Non-coding RNA Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas. Endocr Pathol. 2019 Dec;30(4):262-269. doi: 10.1007/s12022-019-09589-y. PMID: 31468286.

Sehgal PD, Bauman TM, Nicholson TM, Vellky JE, Ricke EA, Tang W, Xu W, Huang W, Ricke WA. Tissue-specific quantification and localization of androgen and estrogen receptors in prostate cancer. Hum Pathol. 2019 Jul;89:99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.04.009. Epub 2019 May 3. PMID: 31054895; PMCID: PMC6642018.

Yu Q, Hardin H, Chu YH, Rehrauer W, Lloyd RV. Parathyroid Neoplasms: Immunohistochemical Characterization and Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Expression. Endocr Pathol. 2019 Jun;30(2):96-105. doi: 10.1007/s12022-019-9578-3. PMID: 31119524.

Vellky JE, Ricke EA, Huang W, Ricke WA. Expression and Localization of DDX3 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Am J Pathol. 2019 Jun;189(6):1256-1267. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.011. Epub 2019 Mar 27. PMID: 30926334; PMCID: PMC6547056.

Sharick JT, Jeffery JJ, Karim MR, Walsh CM, Esbona K, Cook RS, Skala MC. Cellular Metabolic Heterogeneity In Vivo Is Recapitulated in Tumor Organoids. Neoplasia. 2019 Jun;21(6):615-626. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.04.004. Epub 2019 May 9. PMID: 31078067; PMCID: PMC6514366.

Liu TT, Thomas S, Mclean DT, Roldan-Alzate A, Hernando D, Ricke EA, Ricke WA. Prostate enlargement and altered urinary function are part of the aging process. Aging (Albany NY). 2019 May 13;11(9):2653-2669. doi: 10.18632/aging.101938. PMID: 31085797; PMCID: PMC6535061.

Wan J, Block S, Scribano CM, Thiry R, Esbona K, Audhya A, Weaver BA. Mad1 destabilizes p53 by preventing PML from sequestering MDM2. Nat Commun. 2019 Apr 4;10(1):1540. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09471-9. PMID: 30948704; PMCID: PMC6449396.

Ren J, Zhou T, Pilli VSS, Phan N, Wang Q, Gupta K, Liu Z, Sheibani N, Liu B. Novel Paracrine Functions of Smooth Muscle Cells in Supporting Endothelial Regeneration Following Arterial Injury. Circ Res. 2019 Apr 12;124(8):1253-1265. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.314567. PMID: 30739581; PMCID: PMC6459708.

Roy M, Buehler DG, Zhang R, Schwalbe ML, Baus RM, Salamat MS, Lloyd RV, Rosenbaum JN. Expression of Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 (INSM1) and Orthopedia Homeobox (OTP) in Tumors with Neuroendocrine Differentiation at Rare Sites. Endocr Pathol. 2019 Mar;30(1):35-42. doi: 10.1007/s12022-018-9559-y. PMID: 30523500.

Chu YH, Hardin H, Eickhoff J, Lloyd RV. In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Long Non-coding RNAs MALAT1 and HOTAIR in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol. 2019 Mar;30(1):56-63. doi: 10.1007/s12022-018-9564-1. PMID: 30600442.

Chamcheu JC, Siddiqui IA, Adhami VM, Esnault S, Bharali DJ, Babatunde AS, Adame S, Massey RJ, Wood GS, Longley BJ, Mousa SA, Mukhtar H. Chitosan-based nanoformulated (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) modulates human keratinocyte-induced responses and alleviates imiquimod-induced murine psoriasiform dermatitis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 Jul 20;13:4189-4206. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S165966. Erratum in: Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 May 11;18:2503-2505. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S416060. PMID: 30057446; PMCID: PMC6059258.

Yang RK, Zhao P, Lu C, Luo J, Hu R. Expression pattern of androgen receptor and AR-V7 in androgen-deprivation therapy-naïve salivary duct carcinomas. Hum Pathol. 2019 Feb;84:173-182. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.09.009. Epub 2018 Sep 26. PMID: 30267779; PMCID: PMC7098468.

Esbona K, Yi Y, Saha S, Yu M, Van Doorn RR, Conklin MW, Graham DS, Wisinski KB, Ponik SM, Eliceiri KW, Wilke LG, Keely PJ. The Presence of Cyclooxygenase 2, Tumor-Associated Macrophages, and Collagen Alignment as Prognostic Markers for Invasive Breast Carcinoma Patients. Am J Pathol. 2018 Mar;188(3):559-573. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.025. PMID: 29429545; PMCID: PMC5963475.

Zhang R, Hardin H, Huang W, Buehler D, Lloyd RV. Long Non-coding RNA Linc-ROR Is Upregulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2018 Mar;29(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s12022-017-9507-2. PMID: 29280051.

Rodríguez CI, Castro-Pérez E, Longley BJ, Setaluri V. Elevated cyclic AMP levels promote BRAFCA/Pten-/- mouse melanoma growth but pCREB is negatively correlated with human melanoma progression. Cancer Lett. 2018 Feb 1;414:268-277. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.027. Epub 2017 Nov 24. PMID: 29179997; PMCID: PMC5743623.

Rush PS, Rosenbaum JN, Roy M, Baus RM, Bennett DD, Lloyd RV. Insulinoma-associated 1: A novel nuclear marker in Merkel cell carcinoma (cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma). J Cutan Pathol. 2018 Feb;45(2):129-135. doi: 10.1111/cup.13079. Epub 2017 Dec 17. PMID: 29148079.

Denu RA, Shabbir M, Nihal M, Singh CK, Longley BJ, Burkard ME, Ahmad N. Centriole Overduplication is the Predominant Mechanism Leading to Centrosome Amplification in Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res. 2018 Mar;16(3):517-527. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0197. Epub 2018 Jan 12. PMID: 29330283; PMCID: PMC5835182.

Damodaran S, Damaschke N, Gawdzik J, Yang B, Shi C, Allen GO, Huang W, Denu J, Jarrard D. Dysregulation of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and histone H3K18 acetylation pathways associates with adverse prostate cancer outcomes. BMC Cancer. 2017 Dec 20;17(1):874. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3853-9. PMID: 29262808; PMCID: PMC5738829.

Connor JP, Esbona K, Matkowskyj KA. AKR1B10 expression by immunohistochemistry in surgical resections and fine needle aspiration cytology material in patients with cystic pancreatic lesions; potential for improved nonoperative diagnosis. Hum Pathol. 2017 Dec;70:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.006. Epub 2017 Oct 24. PMID: 29079172.

Mandal R, Hardin H, Baus R, Rehrauer W, Lloyd RV. Analysis of miR-96 and miR-133a Expression in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol. 2017 Dec;28(4):345-350. doi: 10.1007/s12022-017-9504-5. PMID: 29032398.

Shen AL, Moran SM, Glover EA, Teixeira LB, Bradfield CA. Retinal pathology in the PPCD1 mouse. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 5;12(10):e0185094. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185094. PMID: 28981549; PMCID: PMC5628829.

Chu YH, Hardin H, Schneider DF, Chen H, Lloyd RV. MicroRNA-21 and long non-coding RNA MALAT1 are overexpressed markers in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol. 2017 Oct;103(2):229-236. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Oct 26. PMID: 29107050.

Garcia-Peterson LM, Ndiaye MA, Singh CK, Chhabra G, Huang W, Ahmad N. SIRT6 histone deacetylase functions as a potential oncogene in human melanoma. Genes Cancer. 2017 Sep;8(9-10):701-712. doi: 10.18632/genesandcancer.153. PMID: 29234488; PMCID: PMC5724804.

Covach A, Patel S, Hardin H, Lloyd RV. Phosphorylated Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (p-mTOR) and Noncoding RNA Expression in Follicular and Hürthle Cell Thyroid Neoplasm. Endocr Pathol. 2017 Sep;28(3):207-212. doi: 10.1007/s12022-017-9490-7. PMID: 28660408.

Imaizumi M, Li-Jessen NY, Sato Y, Yang DT, Thibeault SL. Retention of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPS) With Injectable HA Hydrogels for Vocal Fold Engineering. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2017 Apr;126(4):304-314. doi: 10.1177/0003489417691296. Epub 2017 Feb 12. PMID: 28290232.

Wilking-Busch MJ, Ndiaye MA, Huang W, Ahmad N. Expression profile of SIRT2 in human melanoma and implications for sirtuin-based chemotherapy. Cell Cycle. 2017 Mar 19;16(6):574-577. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1288323. Epub 2017 Feb 6. PMID: 28166441; PMCID: PMC5384585.

Somnay YR, Yu XM, Lloyd RV, Leverson G, Aburjania Z, Jang S, Jaskula-Sztul R, Chen H. Notch3 expression correlates with thyroid cancer differentiation, induces apoptosis, and predicts disease prognosis. Cancer. 2017 Mar 1;123(5):769-782. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30403. Epub 2016 Nov 2. PMID: 27861750; PMCID: PMC5319883.

Zhang R, Hardin H, Huang W, Chen J, Asioli S, Righi A, Maletta F, Sapino A, Lloyd RV. MALAT1 Long Non-coding RNA Expression in Thyroid Tissues: Analysis by In Situ Hybridization and Real-Time PCR. Endocr Pathol. 2017 Mar;28(1):7-12. doi: 10.1007/s12022-016-9453-4. PMID: 27696303; PMCID: PMC5313332.

Blute ML Jr, Damaschke N, Wagner J, Yang B, Gleave M, Fazli L, Shi F, Abel EJ, Downs TM, Huang W, Jarrard DF. Persistence of senescent prostate cancer cells following prolonged neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 24;12(2):e0172048. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172048. PMID: 28234906; PMCID: PMC5325224.

Cholewa BD, Ndiaye MA, Huang W, Liu X, Ahmad N. Small molecule inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 by volasertib (BI 6727) causes significant melanoma growth delay and regression in vivo. Cancer Lett. 2017 Jan 28;385:179-187. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.025. Epub 2016 Oct 25. PMID: 27793694; PMCID: PMC5171235.

Swick AD, Stein AP, McCulloch TM, Hartig GK, Ong IM, Sampene E, Prabakaran PJ, Liu CZ, Kimple RJ. Defining the boundaries and expanding the utility of head and neck cancer patient derived xenografts. Oral Oncol. 2017 Jan;64:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.11.017. Epub 2016 Dec 8. PMID: 28024726; PMCID: PMC5218527.

Xu J, Hardin H, Zhang R, Sundling K, Buehler D, Lloyd RV. Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-1 (SSEA-1) Expression in Thyroid Tissues. Endocr Pathol. 2016 Dec;27(4):271-275. doi: 10.1007/s12022-016-9448-1. PMID: 27550342; PMCID: PMC5107349.

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